At the core of the disruption is a sharp spike in input costs, particularly for sectors dependent on petroleum-based materials. Puran Dawar, Northern Regional Chairman of the Council for Leather Exports and President of the Agra Footwear Manufacturers and Exporters Chamber, said that key raw materials-such as man-made leather and soles made of thermoplastic rubber (TPR), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and polyurethane (PU), all petroleum derivatives-have seen prices rise by nearly 30% since the beginning of the recent West Asia war.